Monday 21 September 2009

Film 4 - Institutions and Audiences

Film 4 is a television channel which is dedicated to showing movies 24/7 and is available on Sky, Virgin Media, UPC Ireland, Freesat and Freeview, Astra 2D, Cablecom and Tiscali TV. The channel was first started up on the 1st of November 1998 and is owned by Channel 4 Television Corporation.

The types of films Film 4 has to offer are mainly Hollywood films such as ‘Alien Vs Predator’, ‘American Gangster’, ‘Transformers’, etc. However, Film 4 doesn’t just show films all the time with out any real purpose. Sometimes the channel may have seasons or nights or weeks which show films centered around an actor, genre, director, etc. Take the Sci-Fi season for an example, where all that's shown for the whole season is Sci-Fi films like 'War of the Worlds', 'The Day the Earth Stood Still', 'Children of Men', etc. This is what keeps the channel interesting and fresh so that its audience is kept amazed with the films the channel provides.

Here's an advert for Sci-Fi season.


When the channel first launched, it was subscription only and was £6.00 a month (depending on which t.v provider the customer is getting the channel from). Today, the channel is free to watch and no longer requires subscription to view films. The ending of subscription was on the 19th of July 2006 and the re-launch of the channel as a free service began on the 23rd of July 2006. Film 4 launched a massive campaign advertisement of it going free by hiring famous actors such as ‘Judi Dench’ (who appeared as a lobster, in a lobster suit), ‘Eve Mavrakis’ (who appeared as a large tomato, in a tomato suit) and other famous actors.

Here's an advert for the re-launch of Film 4.

Although Film 4 is known by the majority of people for broadcasting films on television, the company is also known for creating and producing British Films. Film 4 has produced many British films in the past ranging from drama to action adventure. The example of movies Film 4 has produced are the following:

  • Beautiful Thing
  • Brothers of the Head
  • Slumdog Millionaire
  • The Last King of Scotland
  • This is England
  • Deep Water
  • Bruno
  • Fever Pitch
  • Happy Go Lucky
And many more...

If Film 4 produces movies then like all film companies, the most important aspect of creating a film is the production, distribution and exhibition. The aspects of production are about how the film is created and developed such as the company having to get the right director for the movie, star power actors, great script writers, perfect music composers, etc.

The aspects of distribution for a film company are about how the film is shown to the audience such as the film company having to think about aiming its movie at a type of target audience; creating different ways in order to advertise the movie (e.g radio, television, internet trailers and poster), etc.

The aspects of exhibition for a film company are all about the different ways in which the film is shown to the audience and how it affects them such as deciding if a movie is going to be universal released or not, how long will the movie be in cinemas, where will it be shown on television, etc. These aspects for production, distribution and exhibition must be all planned and thought through well by the film company in order for the film to be successful.

Take the film 'This is England' as an example of a film which Film 4 has produced and applies to all the three aspects of producing a film. 'This is England' is a drama written and directed by Shane Meadows, produced by Film 4 (obviously). The narrative of the film is that it's centerd around 'Shaun', a 12 year old school boy who's being bullied at school due to his farther dying in the falklands wars. Later on Shaun joins a skinhead gang, who accepts him as a member but when an old member of the gang is released from prison, things turn for the worse. The movie simply explores the problems of England in the 1983 such as cultural identity, white nationalists, racism and war.

Here's a trailer of 'This is England'.

Production of 'This is England'

Production Studio

The first important aspect of a film's production is the production studio itself. Due to this, how successful the film is, is based on the production studio it has because of the many issues which must be taken into consideration by the production studio. The issues which it must taken into consideration are budget of the film, equipment needed for filming, etc. For 'This Is England', it didn't have just one production studio but two which was 'Film 4' and 'Warp Films'. Due to the film having two production studios, it would not only have advantages over films with just one production studio but it would also have disadvantages. The advantages were that the film's. The disadvantage budget would ultimately be higher then to a film with one production studio. 'This is England's' budget was £1,500,000, which when compared to other british budget movies is quite small. The reason 



Casting

It's always important for a movie to to bring it's characters to life through the way they sound and behave due to the quality performance of the actors. For 'This is England', Shane Meadow's had to have a specific acting crew which would perform the roles of the fictional characters in the story perfectly. The one major issue with this was that Shane Meadow didn't have a high enough movie budget to hire famous British actors. If Shane Meadow did, he not only would of had actors who played character roles well but he would have also gotten his movie star power, giving customers another reason why to see the film.

How Shane Meadow dealt with this issue was by simply hiring actors who could perform the roles of the characters as best as possible, so that the realism of the characters would fill in for the small star power in the film. The actors the director got were through auditions and previous films he had already worked on. Actors such as Joe Gilgun (who plays Woody) was hired to work in the film through the auditions. Actors such as Andrew Shim and Vicky McClure, worked with Shane in his previous film called 'A room for Romeo Brass'. For Shane, finding the right cast to play his characters were fairly easy accept for the character of Shaun.

When Shane Meadow nearly finished gathering up all of the acting cast, he came across the issue of not having an actor for 'Shaun' (the main character of the film). Finding an actor for the main role of a film is the most important part to creating a sucessful cast because if the actor dosen't perform well, then the director won't be able to get his views across to the audience through the main character.

After many auditions for the role of Shaun, Shane Meadow then thought if he was going to get the right actor for the role of Shaun, he would have to get an actor who's exactly like the character him self. In the end, Shane Meadow hired Des Hamilton to help him find this real Shaun by going out onto the streets and searching for him. In the end, Des and Shane found a child named 'Thomas Turgoose' who filled the requirements for the role perfectly.

After Shane Meadow found the right actor for Shaun's character, he then had the issue of working with Thomas Turgoose. It isn't the issue of Thomas not acting which the director faced (because he could act) but it was the level of profession he was acting at. Thomas never acted before and so it was his first time acting in such a big and important role in a movie, which involved determination and concentration. Due to Thomas's lack of experience, he found it hard to keep up his concentration and this is what made it hard for Shane to work with Thomas sometimes. How Shane managed to solve this issue was through discussing with Thomas his future. Thomas could either work in this movie and become known as an actor or he could leave and make the biggest mistake of his life. In the end, Thomas chose to stay and after a while of filming on set, he got used to the hard working atmosphere and started to act more professional.

Cast:

(Thomas Turgoose (Shaun

(Stephen Graham (Combo

(Joseph Gilgun (Woody

(Andrew Shim (Milky

(Vicky McClure (lol

(Andrew Ellis as (Gary Gadget

(Rosamund Hanson (Smell

(Jack O'Connell (Pukey

(Kieran Hardcastle (Meggy

(Perry Benson (Meggy

(George Newton (Banjo

(Kriss Dosanjh (Mr.Sandhu

Composer

It's not just the casting which is really important in the production of a movie but also the composer who creates the music which is used through out the entire movie. Music is very important because it can make a scene in a movie more powerful and affective on the audience. This is why a movie always needs a good music composer to create that specific music needed to generate that affect. In 'This Is England', the movie's music composer is Ludovico Einaudi who's known for creating the two songs 'Dietro Casa' and 'Fuori Dal Mondo' used throughout parts of the film to emphasize certain scenes.

The Fuori Dal Mondo Song.

An image of Ludovico Einaudi.











Although Ludovico created those two songs, he didn't create the rest of the music used throughout the film. The rest of the music was picked out by the director himself (Shane Meadows) which is generally Ska and reggae, to really help create the 1983 atmosphere of the movie for the audience. The types of songs used for an example are 'Tainted Love', 'Do The Dog', 'Pressure Drop' and many more ska and reggae songs from the likes of artists such as Soft Cell. This is because Ludovico doesn't create old 80's ska and reggae music but minimalist music (calm melody music). This is why Shane himself chose the ska and ragge songs because he knew what type of music he wanted. It was only for dramatic and emotional scenes the director needed music which was specifically created for that and so he hired Ludovico to create that type of music.

A slate of films in production

Genre

Original idea - for the film, from a book, other film, comic books, etc.

Casting – associations from other films of cast members. A list or unknowns? Why

production company

Studio – track record, successful films, genres

Director – other films, track record,

Producer - other films, track record

Greenlighting films

Script

Screenwriter – other films, track record

Composer - track record, genres,

Funding

Budget (the production company’s overall budget for making several films and individual films. )

Locations - issues

Special Effects - technology issues, expense, blue-screen, etc.

Mainstream film

Independent film

Art-house film

Proliferation – of films in a particular genre, technology in making, distributing or watching films, i.e. digitally by downloading from the Net.

Synergies – the benefits o fworking within a larger organisation or working with other companies.

Cross media convergence – issues of ownership, choice, promotion.

Other terms and words you think are topic specific.